Happy Violence Essay Example

Happy Violence Essay Violent things that don’t reflect on the harm or consequences it express as we see on TV or in movies are called â€Å"happy violence†.   It is violence that can be funny or have a comical twist. It needs to be measured together with the intensification of the violence presented. There are many examples of these in the pop culture is wrestling. How? The anecdote of wrestling is like cartoon violence in â€Å"Tom and Jerry† or â€Å"Bugs Bunny†. In wrestling, the result of â€Å"happy violence† becomes primary because of the talent of the actors in creating the illusion that it is real. The skill of wrestlers in drawing off the illusion of reality gives reliability to the idea that there are no real consequences to violence. The reality of violence vanishes in wrestling because it looks as if it is real. The reality is that everyone who watches wrestling knows that it is staged and fake and consequently isn’t enough to concession its real ef fects. Wrestling can influence even kids who know that it’s fake. It gets more violent and intense even as the real consequences persist to be pressed out of view. Most kids don’t only enjoy watching wrestling, they imitate what the wrestlers do and it could definitely cause them to injure themselves or their playmate. They might think its fun and entertaining until they feel and learn what it could do to them. With most of the children and adolescents watching professional wrestling, it is vital to be aware of how children really recognize professional wrestling and if it encourage violent conduct.Television violence is perceived by many children as an acceptable means of resolving conflict that influences them to behave aggressively (Krieg, 1995).Thoughts of recognizing aggression and violence can add to the possibility of aggression and violence being carried out especially by the young viewers. It would make kids become violent with their playmates even to their te achers and parents. They would display negative behavior because of the violent things they see on TV. Adults always say fighting or any form of violence is bad. But why are there so many violent movies shown in TV? Even a cartoon show that should be meaningful and educational to child is filled with violence. Shows like these overturn what we teach our children or what we are taught by our parents. It inculcates that violence is a normal reaction or is tolerated because it is fun. It doesn’t make people realize the pain the other person is experiencing. With the influence of media on us, violence has become a normal thing we see and do. Some may think that it’s funny and at times, entertaining. Some view it as disturbing and a form of nonsense. Violence is seen in various forms and context. It sinks to our minds most especially to the kids. Violence illustrated by media produce an edifying environment in which that kind of behavior is acknowledged as normal or a kind of an appropriate reaction to such problems or situations. The intimidation, degradation and verbal hostility that is implemented in wresting is the manner that real men can succeed. Maturity and masculinity is associated with the capability to get even, protect one’s reputation, and gain respect and fulfillment by defeating your opponent. Regardless of the alarming allegation, and purpose, it diverts people from focusing on the violence in society and limits argument of television violence to its most naive element. Violence on TV is considered as an important part of the global marketing system. It overlooks an escalating allocation of the TV screens all over the world. Violence is not always alike. They are different in every expression and denomination. Its individual expertise is carefully used to balance catastrophic outlay from fatal impulse.Happy Violence, as we see in Cusac’s essay can be characterized by torture, crime and violence, reality, and the safety an d security of the people. All these points are seen in the series. Torture being connected with crime and accounts of terrorism is said to be adjoined to spill out the truth even if time has almost run out. With the account of terrorism and crime, the lives of the people are always at risk. The safety and security of the people are being diminished because of the increasing crime rates and most especially with terrorism. All these things can be seen not just in front of the camera, but mostly, in reality. All these things are connected in one way. How people and life are characterized in this environment develop a sense of opportunity and chances. It supplies our commencement of who we are and how we communicate to others and to the world. It helps to identify our strengths and weaknesses, and the risks we can take in such situations.Terrorism is something that can happen to anyone, anywhere. No one knows when and where terrorism will occur. No one even knows who will be the next vi ctim. In this series, it tells us that terrorism happens in real life, it’s a real situation where real people are victimized. It might not be exactly like to what we see on movies and films, it could be worse than that and more lives are hanging on the thread. Cusac pointed out that terrorism and torture are always connected and can’t be separated. The show 24 somehow shouldn’t be classified as a form of â€Å"happy violence† because of the serious brutality it depicts. The violence presented is not entertaining than with shows considered to have â€Å"happy violence†. The show conflicts with reality with regards to the seemingly unending problems and crime that is happening in the film but not in reality. It’s like one problem pops every passing minute. And it’s not just simple everyday problem. It’s a very serious problem that doesn’t require one to make any mistake or a life or two will be lost.Torture can only be ef fective if you have the right person and supply the right information. But it’s not that easy. You don’t know who is innocent and who’s not. Some consider that those who torture do so to simply dig out information form the detained enemy. But to other people, torture is used to mortify, humiliate, and destroy an individual. It is a mean used by those with authority to sustain their control and position. The use of torture is used to harm, and obliterate the tortured individual’s sense of self. Such practices demoralize an individual’s will to resist. Torture is used to guarantee the safety and security of the people by easing the significant information and to fight the forces that are against one country. Torture is required to be used on life-saving situations. It is used as a tool to interrogated people to provide vital information that can be used to protect the lives of the people. Torture should only be used when necessary.The show 24 makes p eople more aware of the things that are happening in the world. It’s a real time situation and real people are accountable to such things. It’s not just about terrorism. It’s about the demoralizing acts that the people who are with power are demonstrating to sustain their position and authority over things, people and situation. It’s about giving your best to save a life or to help even to the simplest of things. The outline of oppression on TV and reality with fear are somehow related.   Spectators who see their own people or race on that fictional situation develops a sense of anxiety, mistrust and estrangement. This imbalanced sense of jeopardy, helplessness and uneasiness with inconsiderateness tempt hostility, mistreatment and suppression. The protuberance of authority is a function of all mores and conventional mass media. Television modernizes, cleanses, and puts its dramatic sense and releases it to the world’s cultural environment. The l ack of restrictions from violent and other unbalanced and threatening formulas, censorship is not the effective and adequate method to amplify multiplicity and decrease TV violence. People should contribute in generating a resolution on how to facilitate in shaping the lives of the children in contemplation to TV violence.Torture will never be normal and justifiable. It’s not a kind of thing you can do to any one. By having an authority over someone doesn’t mean you can do things to that person just to get what you want or need because it makes you nothing less than them.

Google Documents - Add ons for Math

Google Documents - Add ons for Math For users that have harnessed the power of Google documents and a variety of tools that can be added to up the user experience,  here are some math tools you might find very useful. Calculator It is handy to have a calculator at your grasp for those times when you need to perform simple functions in the midst of a document. No need to bounce between windows or open a spreadsheet for this;  simply install a calculator from one of the many choices like the Calculator app from the Calculator Add on menu.  Handy and accurate - this works! Formula Editor Add this powerhouse to the sidebar of the document and you can type complex formulas for insertion with amazing ease. To quote the app: Formulas can be created either using the mathematics input box or by typing in their LaTeX representation. The result is then rendered as an image and inserted into your document. If you have ever tried to create formulas and their distinct format in a text document, you will appreciate a tool like this. Graphing Calculator Add-On (Such as Whizkids CAS) This add-on can: Solve equations and plot graphs.Find numerical and exact solutions.Simplify and factorize expressions with variables.Drag and drop results and graphs from the sidebar in Google Docs. Best of all, it does what it says it can do! g(Math) If you need the Quadratic formula, this is the tool to use. Complex equations, custom characters, and geometric signs can be used. You can link to data tables that are already in the document. Even the Speech to Math in Chrome can be accessed to create expressions. MathType   Sometimes all you need is the ability to form math ideas in the proper language and format. MathType can handle this fast and smoothly. This tool can also be used in the Google Sheets app so flexibility is at your fingertips.   As Google and the Google applications continue to gain acceptance in user circles, more and more innovative and useful math add-ons will arrive. Dont settle for less than what you need. Look around, as new solutions are coming every day​

Academic mehods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic mehods - Essay Example The ownership expects best expertise and allocation of resources from the managers. â€Å"Adequate allocation of resources and their inclusion in strategy wins distinguished position for corporate firms.† (Johnson & Scholes, 1993: 91) To arrange a completely entertaining atmosphere, where the visitors could watch TV, read periodicals and newspapers, listen to the music and entertain themselves with the company of family and friends by taking delicious foods of various kinds â€Å"A general or formal meeting of an organization†, Fenech (2005: 31) submits, â€Å"attended by representatives of its membership for the purpose of deciding legislative direction, policy matters, the election of internal committees, and approval of balance sheets, budgets, and so on is very beneficial for the future profit earning of the companies.† Hotel industry offers a lot of recreational opportunities and thrill to the individuals. It gives equal chances of growth in an excited environment to the professionals affiliated with and attached to this field. Hotel management in UK is quite different from that of the USA. Though both these countries observe multi-racial communities, yet patterns and mode of dining out are quite

IT-9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT-9 - Essay Example Assuming that my bank was built not so much on commercial accounts, but those from consumer accounts, recovery methods would be streamlined in order to prevent a horde of angry customers who withdraw their accounts from our bank in search of another, more efficient bank. It would be difficult to say that one is more important than the other, because I think it would depend on the nature of the specific business as to whether one evaluation factor provides a better outcome. RTO, recovery time objective, is a metric which determines the maximum amount of time that a specific business-related transaction can be allowed to not function without harming the business. RPO, recovery point objective, measures the volume of "in-process" transactions that can be lost without causing significant harm to the business activities. For example, RTO evaluation might determine that electronic deposit transactions could be delayed for 36 hours without affecting the customer or profitability objectives. As part of the recovery process, 24-36 hours should be the maximum allowed time to be without deposit verification. RPO might determine that only a small amount of transactional data can be lost without causing financial woes, so the recovery efforts must back-up and protect these important transactions immediately when a failure occurs. If the bank is large enough, RPO might be more important than RTO; or vice versa. Yes, I believe that the life cycle management efforts are a quality option for ensuring that the appropriate amount and substance of data is kept, rather than constantly backing it up and storing it for years. Any business is going to have outdated data, possibly in need of removing information, say, when an old CEO has left and another has taken his or her position. All of the files associated with the original position, unless mandated by law, would be of little to

Determinants of GDP in an Economy

Determinants of GDP in an Economy Research Ethics Introduction GDP (gross domestic product) is the main indicator of any economy’s growth. Every country’s economy works for improving its GDP because it is the type of indicator which shows overall state of affairs the Economy is in or rather the conditions of the State in terms of its Economic Growth. GDP is considered as the national income of any country. GDP is the monetary value of all final goods and services produced in the country[1]; mostly it is counted at annual basis. There are 3 approaches or methods to calculate the GDP of the country, which are as follows: Income approach Product approach Expenditure approach All these have listed methods have their own significance in terms of calculating the GDP. The most widely used method by many countries to count the GDP is; the income approach. The Income approach is based on the method in which all the revenues or income circulating in economy like wages, interest rate, rent and profits are accumulated. The Product Approach counts the value of all final goods that is produced in the economy. This is done so to avoid the double counting of the product value. The Expenditure approach counts all private and public expenditures which were conducted in an Economy. In other words it is all the money spent by the Government for the benefit of the People[2]. GDP is affected by every determinant and variable in the economy. The effectiveness could be low or high it depending on the variable. For example if we were to say that education is one of the factors that affects the GDP so the effectiveness must be very high because it effect in multiple ways like it increases the human capital, it increase the technological levels, it helps to reduce crime in society etc. GDP is usually low in developing countries and high in the developed countries. The level of GDP is a matter of concern for the Economy; although the stability of Economy can be found out by observing variation in GDP[3]. One of the reasons of success of developed countries is also their consistency in terms of GDP levels. However one cannot ignore the fact that there are many factors behind the consistency of GDP. Research Design The design of research is always extracted from literature review section. There is a strong relationship between literature review and research methodology or research design[4]. For designing research for GDP first researchers need to collect and read all the related articles; from where researchers can find out about the factors which are effecting the GDP. The process of reviewing literature is to collect all the bibliography of articles on GDP then start reviewing it one by one. After review of article the researcher should write in literature review about the hypothesis questions which he has identified from the review portion of literature. The data used in articles, methodology applied, findings of the research posting of recommendations and conclusions. These are the important findings of any research article. From reviewing the article it is extracted that GDP is mainly depend on investment, human capital and on interest rate. The data which we use is secondary data and we tend to find out how the GDP of developing countries is affected by investments[5], human capital and education. We use the data of these variables on several previous years to identify or predict the trend of the GDP of the existing year. Hence from review of literature we find that in research design we use the methodology of panel or pool regression because the data is panel in nature. Panel data means the data is based on more than one year (number of periods) and observing more than one country (cross sectional unit). Data Collection There are basically two types of data primary data and secondary data. The primary data are used mostly for qualitative methods and secondary data are used mostly for quantitative data. Primary data are the data which is firsthand experience like data collected from surveys by researcher as far as secondary data which is often found in forms of a published data. Our study is quantitative study and based on secondary data because we use published data from authentic source such as government publications. The procedure of data collection is divided in several parts. Firstly researcher does planning and finalizes the general topic in which researcher has command and deep knowledge, then the researcher finds all the relevant article for that topic and also collect different literature from websites, books, manuals and other resources. After reviewing all these material a concept is developed in the mind of researcher that what variable researcher will use and which cross sectional countries the researcher will select and run the tests on and of course for how many years does he intend to run tests on. i.e. for instance In order to find out the GDP of UK for 2016, the researcher may run tests on from a period of 2010 to 2015 to predict the GDP trends and forecast the outlook of GDP in UK. In the relevant study we find from many resources that investments, human capital and interest rate are the key factors which effect GDP of developing countries. The data we will use for developing countries and for the year 2000 to 2014. The data is available on world development bank. We can extract data from world development indicators. All of the data is available on WDI quite easily. The articles which researcher has studied are used for referencing purposes and given in detail in bibliography section of the Research Project. Strengths and Weaknesses Documentary research, is characterized by the use of documents; collects, selects, analyzes and presents consistent results; because it uses the logical and mental processes of any investigation; analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, etc., because it performs a process of scientific abstraction, generalization based on the fundamentals; because it is an appropriate data collection that allow rediscover facts suggest problems, orient to other research sources, direct ways to develop research tools and develop scenarios[6]. At the same time, it can be considered as a fundamental part of a much broader process of scientific research, and finishing; it is a research carried out in an orderly and targeted, in order to be based on the construction of knowledge, and based on the use of different techniques: location and setting data, analysis of documents and content[7]. In turn, the bibliographic research allows, among other things, support research to be performed, avoid undertaking investigations already carried out, take cognizance of experiments and made to repeat when necessary, continuing interrupted or incomplete investigations, search for suggestive information, select materials for a theoretical framework, among other purposes.[8] Ethical Consideration In every study there are some ethics of research which the researcher should keep in mind. These ethics are essential components while doing the research. There is a component of relevance which means that the study that researcher is doing it should be related to the literature review and relate to the references and bibliography that have been used in the study. Another component of ethics is completeness which describe that the sources should be complete in the sense that whole study have to be referenced and the study should give complete picture so that it is find interesting by reader[9]. Another component is current approach it means the study should meet the current approaches of subject it should not be old or far behind of today’s modern research in that subject. It should also highlight the recent and latest development in the study. Our study meets all the ethical components efficiently because we give the references o related studies and our research is a complete package and also it is up to date research because the issue persists in several developing countries. Conclusion Conclusion is the last part of study which not only concludes research but also give recommendations to the problem that has been discussed in the study. GDP is the base of any economy and the indicators which researcher pick for testing their effectiveness to GDP are investment, human capital and interest rate. Researcher observes that all these 3 variables are significant but investment and human capital effect GDP in positive way as far as interest rate is concerned it affects the GDP in a negative way because when interest rate increase people tend to save more and decrease their investment. References http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp Landefeld, Steven J., Eugene P. Seskin, and Barbara M. Fraumeni. Taking the pulse of the economy: Measuring GDP.The Journal of Economic Perspectives22, no. 2 (2008): 193-193. Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, Asli, and Enrica Detragiache.The determinants of banking crises-evidence from developing and developed countries. Vol. 106. World Bank Publications, 1997. Janesick, Valerie J. The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning. (1994). Tanzi, Vito, and Hamid Davoodi.Corruption, public investment, and growth. Springer Japan, 1998. Creswell, John W.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage, 2012. Punch, Keith F.Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage, 2013. Bryman, Alan.Social research methods. Oxford university press, 2012. Guillemin, Marilys, and Lynn Gillam. Ethics, reflexivity, and â€Å"ethically important moments† in research.Qualitative inquiry10, no. 2 (2004): 261-280. [1] http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp [2] Landefeld, Steven J., Eugene P. Seskin, and Barbara M. Fraumeni. Taking the pulse of the economy: Measuring GDP.The Journal of Economic Perspectives22, no. 2 (2008): 193-193. [3] Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, Asli, and Enrica Detragiache.The determinants of banking crises-evidence from developing and developed countries. Vol. 106. World Bank Publications, 1997. [4] Janesick, Valerie J. The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning. (1994). [5] Tanzi, Vito, and Hamid Davoodi.Corruption, public investment, and growth. Springer Japan, 1998. [6] Creswell, John W.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage, 2012. [7] Punch, Keith F.Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage, 2013. [8] Bryman, Alan.Social research methods. Oxford university press, 2012. [9] Guillemin, Marilys, and Lynn Gillam. Ethics, reflexivity, and â€Å"ethically important moments† in research.Qualitative inquiry10, no. 2 (2004): 261-280.

Crucible- Abigail Williams Essay

Due to our nature, the human race will do astonishing things in the name of love and fear. Abigail Williams in â€Å"The Crucible† is a fantastic example of this. Not only are her actions absurd to try and gain John Proctor’s whole hearted affection, who was her lover, but also to gain submission of an ample portion of Salem due to fear. A large part of the submissiveness was gained by her ability to manipulate others, especially those she knows well. She starts the fire of hatred, for witches and the townspeople, within Salem. The fuel was already there; all that was needed was the last spark to get the flame going. Abigail was this spark, created by her insatiable lust for John Proctor. She instigated the witch trials, and used the produced hysteria in an attempt at personal gain, using a step by step plan. This plan developed through the play, feeding Abigail’s ambition and power. Step 1. Manipulate the town’s girls into doing witchcraft in the woods. Abigail convinced some of the teenage girls in Salem to join her in the woods. Being unmarried teenage women in this time period, they had little to do, minimal social status, and undoubtedly yearned for adventure. There were only two people lower than them in status, and that would be Abigail and Tituba because Abigail was an orphan, and Tituba a black slave. She convinced Tituba, to sing songs from Barbados about witchcraft. Abby then persuaded Ruth Putnam to believe that Tituba would be able to conjure up the spirits of her dead siblings. If it worked then she could bring to light the mystery behind all of her dead siblings. In getting others to do it with her, she will not be the only one to be punished, therefore spreading the blame across many, and if caught the blame could be transferred to the one with the least status, the slave- relieving Abby of punishment. Step 2. Drink a potion to acquire John. While in the woods Abigail drank a charm in an attempt to kill Mrs. Proctor, which in her eyes is the only person between her and John. â€Å"You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t tell him that!† (Betty, A.1, p.1244). This quote begins to give the reader an idea of what Abigail will do to gain Proctor. It would take quite a drive for someone to willingly drink blood, and in drinking it, wish death upon another person. This was a very Puritan society, and all of her actions would be looked down upon by the townspeople. First she entered the forest (the place of the Devil), then she danced (unacceptable for women of that age), then she drank a charm of blood (not accepted by society), and lastly in drinking that charm she is wishing ill upon her ‘neighbor’ which is going against one of the Commandments. The Bible was the law at the time, and going against its foundation was disgraceful. Step 3. When discovered, blame Tituba. When Abigail is being questioned by Parris, the day after being caught, about the girls’ doings in the woods, she gives away little. She reveals â€Å"We did dance, uncle, and when you leaped out of the bush so suddenly, Betty was frightened and then she fainted. And there’s the whole of it.†(Abigail, A.1, p.1238). This sentence shows an insight to Abby’s manipulative power over Parris. Fainting from fright from being caught by her father doing an illegal activity could be an explanation for Betty’s inactivity. Abigail admits to what he saw, but makes it hard for him to push the question further when she says the finalized statement ‘there’s the whole of it’. The affirmation also denies any other doings, saying the girls are innocent. Parris then grasps at another chance to question Abby, this time about possible rumors of her in the town. She skillfully maneuvers around the interrogation, and then is saved by the entrance of Mrs . Putnam. Goody Putnam reveals her and her daughter (Ruth)’s desires to figure out what caused her children to die in infancy. Step 4. Exploit Tituba’s weaknesses, while hiding behind lies. When questioned Abigail turns the accusation to Tituba saying she was alone in conjuring the spirits of Ruth’s siblings. This brings the pressure off of Abigail and onto two other people. She can then sink into the background, becoming invisible while Parris and Hale interrogate Tituba. Tituba is the unhappy slave, with witchery songs, low status, and desiring to be free and return home. Due to this, Parris and Hale break Tituba down till she admits to contracting with the devil. In a frenzy to bring pressure off herself and avoid hanging, Tituba then goes on to state names of women in the community. Sarah Good and Goody Osburn are first. Then Abigail stands up from the shadows seizing the chance of being able to accuse people and bring the attention to her in a positive way by saying â€Å"I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I dance for the Devil; I saw him; I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!† (Abigail, A.1, p.1263). These exclamations go against what she has previously sworn, yet no one seems to notice anything besides her confession and the names she says. Abby repeated the names Tituba already said, along with another, therefore strengthening the accusations while playing on the slave’s incompetence of missing one of the people, which strengthens her own position. Step 5. Use newfound status to demolish those who oppose her. Since there are so many people being accused, the town gets an aura of being unsafe and corrupt by the Devil. This causes the accused to accuse others, from old rivalries and suddenly having a chance to comeback, or from being interrogated till they give up names, multiplying the numbers, while they also believe the accusations out of fear. Fear of being accused, of being witched, or of getting hung for disbelieving the court and the Bible. In Act II sixteen people had warrants sent out for their capture. Abigail continuously accuses people who confess, adding to her credibility. She also has fainting incidents, trances, and other public displays which she credits to others using demonic powers on her, sending the message that she is an innocent orphan being harmed by the Devil because she is standing against him. This helps her gain pity, and brings more citizens to her side. An example is when Mary Warren tries to testify against Abigail, Mercy, and Susanna. The girls exclaim that Mary has sent her spirit out in a wind to make them cold. This is proven by their exclamations. Mercy: â€Å"Mary, do you send this shadow on me?† Susanna: â€Å"I freeze, I freeze!† Abigail: â€Å"It is a wind, a wind!† Danforth: â€Å"Mary Warren, do you witch her? I say to you, do you send your spirit out?†(A.3, p.1307) Danforth’s question seems to state what the other girls were implying. This goes to show what some acting can bring upon a girl and a town. By faking a wind, the girls make Mary’s testament against them invalid, therefore increasing Abigail’s power within the court, and getting rid of another challenger. Step 6. Secure Goody Proctor as a witch using credibility established within the court. After accusing Elizabeth in Act 2 because of alleged use of poppets, Abigail has to make sure there is no way out for her. When this is done and she is hung she can finally have her love, John Proctor. The townspeople generally ignore evidence and support her claims of witchery, most likely out of fear of her power. John Proctor is one of the few willing to stand against her. After many attempts, all of which failed, John resorts to drastic measures. He admits to committing adultery. â€Å"I have made a bell of my honor! I have rung the doom of my good name- you will believe me, Mr. Danforth! My wife is innocent, except she knew a whore when she saw one!†(Proctor, A.3, p.1309) In this statement, Proctor not only admits to adultery, and tries to protect his wife; he also calls Abigail a harlot. Abigail is astounded by his reveal, and undoubtedly worked up by his language towards her. This is the point where Abby seems to realize that Proctor does not love her and that she won’t ever be with him, even if Elizabeth dies. Her plan has failed, and everything she has done was for nothing. Her astonishment turns to resentment, for she then makes no attempt to same John when he is sentenced to hang. Her only thoughts now seem to be of self preservation. She was the ring leader of the witch trials, and with them coming to the end, and no chance of being with John, her power will soon be gone. She steals her uncle’s savings then flees the city. She lost a love she never truly had, and in the process left behind a broken, manipulated town. Love and fear are two of the most influential emotions, and in â€Å"The Crucible† both are experienced firsthand through Abigail. The author, Arthur Miller, uses this to his advantage making the play and characters relatable to the audience. These universal themes are relevant at all times in history which is why the play is still shown to this day. Abigail is not only a great example of those traits, but also reflects a maniacal manipulator existing in many societies. This along with other traits makes her the most important character to the play, along with the witch trials which she helped instigate for personal gain. It’s amazing what a teenage girl in a small town can do with a few words and manipulation.

Preparation and Reactivity of Sn1 2-Bromobutane

Preparation and SN1 Reactivity of 2-Bromobutane Paul DeJong Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160 Submitted: April 4, 2013 Introduction The purpose of part 1 of the lab is to prepare 2-Bromobutane using SN1 reactions. The purpose of part 2 of the lab is to determine the relative reactivity of alkyl halides under SN1 conditions. Results and Discussion The Overall Reaction The Proposed Mechanism Experimental Procedure To prepare 2-bromobutane in part one of the lab, you have to set up a flask apparatus with a thermowell and a Claisen adapter.Attached to the Claisen adapter is a thermometer measuring the temperature in the flask and a vertical condenser for reflux. Add in the reactants to the flask, sulfuric acid, 2-butanol, and ammonium bromide. Heat to 95OC and then maintain temperature for 30 minutes. Then, water was added and simple distillation began. The aqueous layer of the distillate was removed leaving the product, 2-bromobutane. For part 2, two drops of each of the following were placed in 3 different test tubes: 2-bromobutane, 1-bromoutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.In each of the tubes an even amount of silver nitrate is added. Observations of the reactions precipitate are recorded. Same process is done with 2-chlorobutane, 2-iodobutane, and 2-bromobutane. Experimental Stoichiometry Compound| Molecularweight| Quantity| Moles| 2-butanol| 74. 12 g| 7. 4 mL (6. 0 g)| 0. 081| Sulfuric acid| 98. 08 g| 20 mL (12M)| 0. 24| Ammonium bromide| 97. 94 g| 8. 0 g| 0. 082| The limiting reactant is 2-butanol. Yield Data 2-bromobutane| | Molecular Weight| 137. 02 g|Theoretical Yield (moles)| 0. 081 mol| Theoretical Yield (grams)| 11. 10 g| Actual Yield| 10. 11 g| NMR Table Signal| Chemical Shift| Multiplicity| Integration| A| 4. 11| Multiplet| 1H| B| 1. 85| Pentet| 2H| C| 1. 60| Doublet| 3H| D| 1. 08| Triplet| 3H| Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Compound| Observations at Room Temp| Observations upon Heating| 1-bromobutane| Clear| Very little change but some white ppt| 2-bromobutane| Clear| Moderately cloudy white ppt| 2-bromo-2-methylpropane| Brown tint| Very milky white ppt|Compound| Observations at Room temp| Observations upon heating| 2-chlorobutane| Clear| No ppt at all| 2-bromobutane| Clear| Moderately white and some yellow ppt| 2-iodobutane| Dark brown| Thick, milky white and yellow ppt| Conclusion Overall, the first part of the lab produced 2-bromobutane using SN1 reactions. This product was then used in the second part of the experiment to determine the relative reactivities of alkyl halides. Reactivity increases as follows 1O < 2O < 3O and Cl- < Br- < I –